Constitutions and the International Charters of Rights are concerned to ensure the judicial verification of the unlawfulness of facts in compliance with the inalienable rights of the person and the presumption of innocence. Today, modern criminal procedural law, which has always been conditioned by …

The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, adopted in 1998, provided that the Supreme Court had primary and cassation jurisdiction. Primary jurisdiction referred to the obligation attributed to this Court to judge at first instance, the most important figures of the political and judicial power. A…

EU membership accentuates values. The current emphasis is a case of EU idealism, of stricter conditionality in response to political ideology and governance. Democracy is tantamount to liberal democracy, but at the same time pluralism is an integral part of the conditionality. This raises the questi…

Political events contribute a small part of the historical context when describing and analyzing the political history of any period. The science of history is a set of specified relationships encompassing different historic matters that focus and organize inquiry to describe, explain, and predict d…

I take the title of this essay from the poem by Padraic Colum, entitled “Scanderbeg”, which I will be quoting in its entirety at its conclusion. Judged at least from a strictly grammatical perspective, the phrase “battling at the name of Scanderbeg” might perhaps appear to be a somewhat dubious one,…