Transition countries have, in general, experienced an increase in labour market inequality during and after the initial transition period. Theory and empirical studies analysing the causes and mechanisms of increasing inequality in transition economies identify globalisation, skilled-biased technolo…

The aim of this paper is to give a big survey in enhancing the balance of the routing load and the consumption of resources using network layer metrics for the path discovery in the MAODV protocol. A ad hoc network (AD HOC NETWORKS) consists of a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form a tem…